Sand Casting: Sand casting is a casting method that produces castings in a sand mold. Steel, iron and most non-ferrous alloy castings can be obtained by sand casting method. Due to the inexpensive and easy availability of molding materials used in sand casting, the casting is easy to manufacture, and can be adapted to the production of single pieces of castings, batch production and mass production, and has long been a basic process in casting production.
Precision casting: Precision casting is a general term for the process of obtaining accurate castings with precision molding methods. Its products are precise, complex, close to the final shape of the part, can be used directly without processing or little processing, is a near net shape of the advanced technology.

1. Ordinary sand casting manufacturing sand type of the basic raw materials is the casting sand and sand binder. The most commonly used casting sand is siliceous sand, silica sand of the kind of synthetic resin for the type of sand binder. The shape of the condensed Chu Jing Zhonghua period type questions help type sand used in the pasting agent and the way it builds strength is divided into clay
Wet sand type, clay dry sand type and chemical hardening sand type 3 kinds

1.1 Sand casting is the most popular and simplest type of casting used to make large parts, such as gray cast iron, ductile iron, stainless steel and other types of steel and other processes of sand casting. The main steps include drawing, mold, core making, molding, melting and pouring, cleaning, etc.
1.11 machining allowance: the so-called machining allowance, is the need to cut the surface of the casting, should be a certain amount of machining allowance in advance, its size depends on the type of casting alloy, modeling method, the size of the casting and the location of the processing surface in the mold and many other factors.
1.12 start mold slope: in order to make the mold sample easy to remove from the mold, perpendicular to the parting surface of the vertical wall added slope called the start mold slope.
1.13 casting rounded corners: In order to prevent castings in the wall connection and corner stress and cracks, to prevent damage to the sharp corners of the mold and produce sand eyes, in the design of the casting, the casting wall connection and corner part should be designed to round.
1.14 core head: in order to ensure the positioning of the core in the casting, fixed and exhaust, mold and core are designed to core head.
1.15 shrinkage allowance: Due to the cooling shrinkage of the casting after pouring, this shrinkage size should be added when making the mold sample.

1.2 Advantages:
1.21 The resources of clay are abundant and cheap. Most of the used clay wet sand can be recycled after proper sand treatment;
1.22 Short cycle time and high work efficiency for manufacturing castings;
1.23 The mixed sand can be used for a long time;
1.24 The adaptability is very wide. Small parts, large parts, simple parts, complex parts, single parts, large quantities can be used;

1.3 Disadvantages and limitations:
1.31 Because each sand casting can only be poured once, the casting is damaged after obtaining the casting, it must be re-molded, so the production efficiency of sand casting is low;
1.32 The rigidity of the mold is not high, the dimensional accuracy of the casting is poor;
1.33 castings are easy to produce sand trapping, porosity and other defects.

2. Investment casting
When using wax as a model, investment casting is also known as "lost wax casting". Investment casting usually refers to the fusible material made of mold sample, in the mold surface covered with several layers of refractory material made of shell, and then the mold sample melted out of the shell, so as to obtain the cast without parting surface, after high temperature baking can be filled with sand casting program. Because the mold sample is widely used wax material to manufacture, so often called fusion casting "lost wax casting". The types of alloys that can be produced by investment casting include carbon steels, alloy steels, heat-resistant alloys, stainless steels, precision alloys, permanent magnet alloys, bearing alloys, copper alloys, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, and ductile iron.

2.1 Advantages:
2.11 Higher dimensional accuracy. Generally up to CT4-6 (CT10~13 for sand casting, CT5~7 for die casting);
2.12 can improve the utilization rate of metal materials. Investment casting can significantly reduce the amount of processing of forming surfaces and mating surfaces of products, saving processing table time and consumption of tooling materials;
2.13 can maximize the degree of similarity between the blank and the part, bringing great convenience to the structural design of the part. Casting complex shape of the casting investment casting can cast a very complex shape of the casting, but also casting wall thickness of 0. 5mm, weight as small as 1g castings, but also can cast a combination of the whole casting;
2.14 not subject to the limitations of the alloy material. Investment casting method can cast carbon steel, alloy steel, ductile iron, copper alloy and aluminum alloy castings, but also cast high-temperature alloys, magnesium alloys, titanium alloys and precious metals and other materials castings.
2.15 For difficult to forge, welding and cutting alloy materials, especially suitable for casting with precision casting method;
2.16 high production flexibility, adaptability investment casting is suitable for both mass production, but also for small batch or even single production.

2.2 disadvantages and limitations:
2.21 casting size can not be too large process complex casting cooling rate is slow.
2 melt casting in all blank forming methods, the most complex process, the casting cost is also very high, but if the product is properly selected, the part design is reasonable, high casting costs due to reduced cutting, assembly and saving metal materials and other aspects of compensation, then melt casting has good economics.

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